Comprehensive Investigation of Phytochemicals, Vitamins, and Antioxidant Properties of Ganoderma sichuanense, Using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID)
Chukwunonso Anthony Nsude
*
Department of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Hannah Oluchukwu Nsude
Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, Evangel University, Akaeze, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Ebere Immaculata Akpata
Department of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Ganoderma sichuanense are edible and cheap mushrooms that are rich in nutrients with the potential to be harnessed in traditional medicine as functional foods for disease prevention and treatment. This study assessed the quantitative phytochemicals, vitamins, and antioxidant properties of Ganoderma sichuanense. The GC-FID phytochemical analysis of the edible mushroom revealed high amounts of kaempferol (38.870 ppm), isorhamnetin (19.477 ppm), luteolin (14.359 ppm), and naringenin (8.812 ppm). Other phytochemicals detected were catechin, quercetin, artemetin, apigenin, retusin, ellagic acid, hesperidin, myricetin, lunamarin, gallocatechin, vanillic acid, daidzein, genistein, baicalin, epicatechin, and naringin. Estimation of the vitamin composition revealed the highest concentration of vitamin C (61.911±0.198 mg/100g), followed by vitamins D (56.98±0.198 mg/100g), E (17.961±0.099 mg/100g), A (14.179±0.112 mg/100g), B12 (6.259±0.077 mg/100g), B6 (0.10±0.099 mg/100g), B1 (0.052±0.012 mg/100g), and B2 (0.024±0.011 mg/100g). Ethanolic extracts of G. sichuanense showed a concentration-dependent rise in the scavenging activity. The DPPH free radical was scavenged maximally at a low concentration of the ethanolic extract (10 mg/ml). Also, the extract was equally effective in scavenging the FRAP radical in a concentration-dependent manner, showing a concentration-dependent rise up to the highest concentration used (80 mg/ml). The results of this study portray that G. sichuanense represents a valuable source of nutrients and bioactive compounds with potential health-promoting properties like hepatoprotective, anti-cancer, cardiovascular, neuroprotective, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, and hypolipidemic actions.
Keywords: Ganoderma sichuanense, GC-FID phytochemicals, vitamins and antioxidant properties